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a h o r n + r i v e r + b a s i n % 0 a t h e + h o r n + r i v e r + b a s i n + i s + a + d e v o n i a n - a g e d + s h a l e + i t + e n c o m p a s s e s + a p p r o x i m a t e l y + 1 1 % 2 c 4 0 0 k m 2 % c 3 % 8 2 % c 2 % a 0 % 2 8 4 % 2 c 4 0 0 k m 2 % 2 9 + i n + n o r t h - e a s t e r n + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a + a n d + r u n s + n o r t h + t o + f o r t + l i a r d + i n + t h e + s o u t h e r n + n o r t h w e s t + t e r r i t o r i e s + t h e + a c c o m p a n y i n g + c o r d o v a + e m b a y m e n t + s t r a d d l e s + t h e + n o r t h - e a s t e r n + c o r n e r + o f + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a + a n d + t h e + n o r t h w e s t + t e r r i t o r i e s 8 % 0 a t h e + h o r n + r i v e r + b a s i n + h a s + b e e n + d r i l l e d + w i t h + o v e r + 3 0 0 + w e l l s % 2 c + a n d + t h e + a d j a c e n t + c o r d o v a + e m b a y m e n t + w i t h + a b o u t + 3 4 0 + w e l l s % 2 c + o f + w h i c h + 4 0 + h a v e + t a r g e t e d + s h a l e + g a s 9 + t h e + h o r n + r i v e r + b a s i n + i s + e s t i m a t e d + t o + h o l d + u p + t o + 1 3 3 + t c f + o f + r e c o v e r a b l e + g a s % 2 c + w i t h + a n n u a l + p r o d u c t i o n + p r e d i c t e d + t o + b e + b e t w e e n + 1 5 + a n d + 2 5 + b c f d + b y + 2 0 2 0 % 0 a t h e + m u s k w a % 2 c + o t t e r + p a r k + a n d + e v i e + m e m b e r s + a r e + s u b u n i t s + o f + t h e + h o r n + r i v e r + b a s i n % 2 c + a n d + t h e + h o r n + r i v e r + b a s i n + i s + s o m e t i m e s + r e f e r r e d + t o + a s + t h e + o o t l a % 2 f m u s k w a + s h a l e 1 0 + i t + l i e s + a t + a + d e p t h + o f + 2 % 2 c 3 7 0 % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 3 4 % 2 c 0 5 3 m + % 2 8 7 % 2 c 8 0 0 % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 3 1 3 % 2 c 3 0 0 + f t % 2 9 + a n d + i s + c o m p a r a b l e + t o + t h e + h a y n e s v i l l e + s h a l e s + a t + a + d e p t h + o f + 3 % 2 c 2 0 0 % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 3 4 % 2 c 1 0 0 m + % 2 8 1 0 % 2 c 5 0 0 % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 3 + 1 3 % 2 c 5 0 0 + f t % 2 9 + i n + t e r m s + o f + t h i c k n e s s + a n d + p o r o s i t y % 2 c + t h e + h o r n + r i v e r + s h a l e + i s + 1 1 0 % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 3 1 7 6 m + % 2 8 3 6 0 % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 3 5 8 0 + f t % 2 9 + t h i c k + a n d + h a s + a + p o r o s i t y + o f + 4 + p e r + c e n t % 0 a l i a r d + b a s i n % 0 a t h e + l i a r d + b a s i n + i s + a b o u t + 9 % 2 c 4 0 0 k m 2 % c 3 % 8 2 % c 2 % a 0 % 2 8 3 % 2 c 6 0 0 + s q u a r e + m i l e s % 2 9 + a n d + i s + s i t u a t e d + t o + t h e + w e s t + o f + t h e + h o r n + r i v e r + b a s i n 1 1 + i t + h a s + b e e n + d r i l l e d + w i t h + a p p r o x i m a t e l y + 5 0 0 + w e l l s % 2 c + s o m e + o f + w h i c h + a r e + t h o u g h t + t o + b e + a m o n g + t h e + b e s t + s h a l e + g a s + w e l l s + i n + t h e + w o r l d % 0 a c o l o r a d o + g r o u p % 0 a t h e + c o l o r a d o + g r o u p + i s + f o u n d + t h r o u g h o u t + s o u t h e r n + a l b e r t a + a n d + s a s k a t c h e w a n + i t + i n c l u d e s + t h e + m e d i c i n e + h a t + a n d + m i l k + r i v e r + s h a l e + s a n d s t o n e s % 2 c + w h i c h + f o r + o v e r + 1 0 0 + y e a r s + h a v e + b e e n + p r o d u c i n g + n a t u r a l + g a s % 2 c + a s + w e l l + a s + t h e + s e c o n d + w h i t e + s p e c k l e d + s h a l e % 2 c + w h i c h + h a s + p r o d u c e d + n a t u r a l + g a s + f o r + d e c a d e s + i n + s o m e + p l a c e s % 2 c + t h e + c o l o r a d o + s h a l e + i s + a p p r o x i m a t e l y + 2 0 0 m + t h i c k % 2 c + w i t h + p o t e n t i a l + t o + p r o d u c e + g a s + f r o m + f i v e + z o n e s + s h a l e + f r o m + t h e + c o l o r a d o + g r o u p + p r o d u c e s + t h r o u g h + t h i c k + s a n d + b e d s % 2 c + m a k i n g + i t + a + h y b r i d + g a s + s h a l e + l i k e + t h e + m o n t n e y + t h e + g a s + i s + f r o m + b i o g e n i c + r a t h e r + t h a n + t h e r m o g e n i c + o r i g i n s + t h i s + m e a n s + i t + h a s + a + v e r y + l o w + p o t e n t i a l + f o r + n a t u r a l + g a s + l i q u i d s + a n d + i s + u n d e r p r e s s u r e d % 2 c + w h i c h + i s + m o r e + d i f f i c u l t + t o + h y d r a u l i c a l l y + f r a c t u r e + c o l o r a d o + g r o u p + s h a l e s + a r e + s e n s i t i v e + t o + w a t e r % 2 c + w h i c h + a l s o + m a k e s + t h e m + s e n s i t i v e + t o + f l u i d s + u s e d + d u r i n g + h y d r a u l i c + f r a c t u r i n g + a s + a n + a l t e r n a t i v e % 2 c + o p e r a t o r s + u s e + n i t r o g e n + o r + m i x t u r e s + o f + p r o p a n e + a n d + b u t a n e + a s + f r a c t u r i n g + c a r r i e r + f l u i d s % 0 a t h e + t o t a l + v o l u m e + o f + g a s + i n + t h e + c o l o r a d o + g r o u p + i s + d i f f i c u l t + t o + e s t i m a t e + g i v e n + t h e + w i d e + l a t e r a l + e x t e n t + o f + t h e + s h a l e % 2 c + t h e + v a r i a b i l i t y + o f + t h e + r e s e r v o i r + a n d + t h e + a b s e n c e + o f + p u b l i c l y + a v a i l a b l e + a n a l y s e s + h o w e v e r % 2 c + t h e r e + c o u l d + b e + a t + l e a s t + s e v e r a l + t r i l l i o n + c u b i c + m e t r e s + % 2 8 o n e + h u n d r e d + t c f % 2 9 + o f + g a s + i n + p l a c e + a s + o f + 2 0 0 9 % 2 c + o n l y + a b o u t + 3 + m m c f d + w a s + b e i n g + p r o d u c e d + o u t + o f + a + f e w + d o z e n + s h a l l o w + w e l l s + i n + t h e + w i l d m e r e + a r e a + o f + a l b e r t a + t y p i c a l l y % 2 c + o n l y + v e r t i c a l + w e l l s + a r e + d r i l l e d + f o r + t h e + c o l o r a d o + s h a l e + b e c a u s e + o f + t h e + r o c k + c o n d i t i o n s % 0 a u t i c a + s h a l e % 0 a t h e + o r d o v i c i a n - a g e d + u t i c a + s h a l e + i s + a m o n g + t h e + o l d e s t + a n d + m o s t + w i d e s p r e a d + s h a l e s + i n + n o r t h + a m e r i c a + t h e + u t i c a + i s + f o u n d + f r o m + p e n n s y l v a n i a + t o + n e w + y o r k + t o + q u e b e c + i t + c a n + b e + d i v i d e d + i n t o + t h e + u t i c a + d e e p + a n d + u t i c a + s h a l l o w + t h e + d e e p + u t i c a + e x t e n d s + f r o m + n o r t h e r n + n e w + y o r k + t o + p e n n s y l v a n i a + t h e + s h a l l o w + u t i c a + i s + l o c a t e d + i n + q u e b e c % 2 c + w i t h + t h e + b e s t + p r o s p e c t s + l y i n g + w i t h i n + a + c o r r i d o r + a l o n g + t h e + s t + l a w r e n c e + r i v e r + b e t w e e n + m o n t r e a l + a n d + q u e b e c + c i t y % 0 a w h i l e + t h e r e + i s + c u r r e n t l y + n o + c o m m e r c i a l + p r o d u c t i o n % 2 c + q u e b e c % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + u t i c a + s h a l e + h a s + h i s t o r i c a l l y + a t t r a c t e d + s i g n i f i c a n t + a t t e n t i o n + f r o m + e x p l o r a t i o n + a n d + p r o d u c t i o n + c o m p a n i e s + e s t i m a t e s + i n + t h e + s h a l l o w + u t i c a + s h a l e + i n + q u e b e c + r a n g e + f r o m + 1 8 + t c f + t o + 4 0 + t c f + o f + n a t u r a l + g a s + i f + f u l l y + d e v e l o p e d 1 2 % c 3 % 8 2 % c 2 % a 0 t h e + u t i c a + s h a l e + a v e r a g e s + 1 5 0 m + % 2 8 5 0 0 + f t % 2 9 + i n + t h i c k n e s s + w i t h + a + p o r o s i t y + o f + 3 5 + p e r + c e n t % 0 a h o r t o n + b l u f f + g r o u p % 0 a t h e + h o r t o n + b l u f f + g r o u p + o f + t h e + c a n a d i a n + m a r i t i m e s + w a s + d e p o s i t e d + i n + t h e + e a r l y + m i s s i s s i p p i a n + p e r i o d + a b o u t + 3 6 0 + m i l l i o n + y e a r s + a g o + t h e + s i l i c a + c o n t e n t + i n + t h e + f r e d e r i c k + b r o o k + s h a l e + o f + t h e + h o r t o n + b l u f f + g r o u p + i n + n e w + b r u n s w i c k + a v e r a g e s + 3 8 + p e r + c e n t % 3 b + h o w e v e r % 2 c + t h e + c l a y + c o n t e n t + i s + a l s o + h i g h % 2 c + a v e r a g i n g + 4 2 + p e r + c e n t + t h e + p a y + z o n e + a p p e a r s + t o + b e + o v e r + 1 5 0 m + % 2 8 4 9 2 + f t % 2 9 + t h i c k % 2 c + s o m e t i m e s + e x c e e d i n g + 1 k m + % 2 8 3 % 2 c 2 8 0 + f t % 2 9 + i n + n e w + b r u n s w i c k 1 3 % 0 a a n + i n d e p e n d e n t + a n a l y s i s + i n d i c a t e s + 6 7 + t c f + o f + f r e e + g a s + i n + p l a c e + i n + t h e + f r e d e r i c k + b r o o k + s h a l e + o f + t h e + s u s s e x % 2 f e l g i n + s u b - b a s i n s + o f + s o u t h e r n + n e w + b r u n s w i c k 1 4 % c 3 % 8 2 % c 2 % a 0 a n o t h e r + i n d e p e n d e n t + a n a l y s i s + i n d i c a t e s + 6 9 + t c f + o f + g a s + i s + p r e s e n t + o n + t h e + w i n d s o r + l a n d + b l o c k + i n + n o v a + s c o t i a 1 5 + f e w + s h a l e + w e l l s + h a v e + b e e n + d r i l l e d + i n + n e w + b r u n s w i c k + o r + n o v a + s c o t i a % 0 a o t h e r + p l a y s % 0 a o t h e r + c a n a d i a n + s h a l e + g a s + p l a y s + i n c l u d e % 3 a % 0 a c a n a l + s h a l e % 2 c + d e v o n i a n % 2 c + n o r t h w e s t + t e r r i t o r i e s % 0 a d u v e r n a y + s h a l e % 2 c + l a t e + d e v o n i a n % 2 c + w e s t - c e n t r a l + a l b e r t a % 0 a e x s h a w + s h a l e % 2 c + d e v o n i a n - m i s s i s s i p p i a n % 2 c + a l b e r t a + a n d + n o r t h - e a s t + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 0 a f e r n i e + s h a l e % 2 c + j u r a s s i c % 2 c + w e s t - c e n t r a l + a l b e r t a + a n d + n o r t h - e a s t + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 0 a g o r d o n d a l e + s h a l e % 2 c + e a r l y + j u r a s s i c % 2 c + n o r t h - e a s t + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 0 a k l u a % 2 f e v i e + s h a l e % 2 c + m i d d l e + d e v o n i a n % 2 c + n o r t h - e a s t + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 0 a n o r d e g g % 2 f g o r d o n d a l e + s h a l e % 2 c + l a t e + j u r a s s i c % 2 c + a l b e r t a + a n d + n o r t h - e a s t + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 0 a p o k e r + c h i p + s h a l e % 2 c + j u r a s s i c % 2 c + w e s t - c e n t r a l + a l b e r t a + a n d + n o r t h - e a s t + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 0 a w i l r i c h % 2 f b u c k i n g h o r s e % 2 f g a r b u t t % 2 f m o o s e b a r + s h a l e % 2 c + e a r l y + c r e t a c e o u s % 2 c + w e s t - c e n t r a l + a l b e r t a + a n d + n o r t h - e a s t + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 0 a o w n e r s h i p + o f + l a n d + a n d + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s % 0 a i n + w e s t e r n + c a n a d a % 2 c + t h e + s u r f a c e + a n d + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s + m a y + b e + o w n e d + b y + p r i v a t e + i n d i v i d u a l s + o r + e n t i t i e s + o r + b y + t h e + p r o v i n c i a l + o r + t h e + f e d e r a l + c r o w n % 0 a e a r l y + h i s t o r y % 0 a i n + 1 6 7 0 % 2 c + k i n g + c h a r l e s + i i + o f + e n g l a n d + g r a n t e d + a + c h a r t e r + t o + w h a t + i s + n o w + k n o w n + a s + t h e + h u d s o n % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + b a y + c o m p a n y % 2 c + g i v i n g + i t + e x t e n s i v e + r i g h t s + t o + o w n e r s h i p % 2 c + t r a d i n g + a n d + g o v e r n m e n t + i n + w h a t + w a s + t h e n + c a l l e d + r u p e r t % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + l a n d + t h i s + v a s t + a r e a + e x t e n d e d + f r o m + e a s t + o f + w i n n i p e g + t o + t h e + r o c k y + m o u n t a i n s + i n + 1 8 6 7 % 2 c + t h e + d o m i n i o n + o f + c a n a d a + w a s + f o r m e d % 3 b + i n + 1 8 7 0 % 2 c + t h e + h u d s o n % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + b a y + c o m p a n y + s u r r e n d e r e d + t o + t h e + d o m i n i o n + t h i s + l a n d + w h i c h + t h e n + b e c a m e + k n o w n + a s + t h e + n o r t h w e s t + t e r r i t o r i e s + i n + e x c h a n g e + f o r + t h e + s u r r e n d e r e d + l a n d % 2 c + t h e + c o m p a n y + b e c a m e + e n t i t l e d + t o + 1 % 2 f 2 0 t h + o f + t h e + % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 8 f e r t i l e + b e l t % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 + o r + h a b i t a b l e + p o r t i o n + o f + w e s t e r n + c a n a d a % 0 a t h e + d o m i n i o n + g o v e r n m e n t + t h e n + a r r a n g e d + f o r + t h e + n e w + t e r r i t o r i e s + t o + b e + s u r v e y e d + i n t o + t o w n s h i p s + o f + 3 6 + s e c t i o n s + e a c h + e a c h + s e c t i o n + c o n t a i n e d + a p p r o x i m a t e l y + 2 5 9 + h a + % 2 8 6 4 0 + a c r e s + o r + 1 + s q u a r e + m i l e % 2 9 + a n d + w a s + s u b d i v i d e d + i n t o + f o u r + q u a r t e r - s e c t i o n s + o f + a p p r o x i m a t e l y + 6 5 + h a + % 2 8 1 6 0 + a c r e s % 2 9 + t h e + d o m i n i o n + l a n d s + a c t + t h e n + o p e r a t e d + t o + c o n v e y + t o + a n d + v e s t + o w n e r s h i p + i n + t h e + s u r f a c e + a n d + s u b s u r f a c e + i n + 1 % 2 f 2 0 t h + o f + s u c h + l a n d s + i n + t h e + h u d s o n % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + b a y + c o m p a n y % 0 a t o + e n c o u r a g e + s e t t l e m e n t + a n d + r a i l r o a d + c o n s t r u c t i o n % 2 c + t h e + d o m i n i o n + g o v e r n m e n t + a l s o + g a v e + l a n d + t o + s e t t l e r s + a n d + r a i l w a y + c o m p a n i e s + u p + t o + 1 8 8 7 % 2 c + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s + w e r e + i n c l u d e d + w i t h + s u r f a c e + r i g h t s + i n + s u c h + l a n d + g r a n t s + a f t e r + t h a t % 2 c + n o + n e w + m i n e r a l + g r a n t s + w e r e + i s s u e d + i n + 1 9 0 5 % 2 c + a l b e r t a + a n d + s a s k a t c h e w a n + b e c a m e + p r o v i n c e s + i n + 1 9 3 0 % 2 c + t h e + p o w e r + t o + g r a n t + b o t h + s u r f a c e + a n d + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s + w a s + t r a n s f e r r e d + f r o m + t h e + d o m i n i o n + g o v e r n m e n t + t o + t h e + g o v e r n m e n t + o f + a l b e r t a % 0 a a l b e r t a % 0 a i n + a l b e r t a % 2 c + t h e + p r o v i n c i a l + g o v e r n m e n t + % 2 8 a l s o + k n o w n + a s + t h e + c r o w n % 2 9 + o w n s + 8 1 + p e r + c e n t + o f + t h e + p r o v i n c e % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s + o r + a b o u t + 5 3 7 + m i l l i o n + h a + t h e + r e m a i n i n g + 1 9 + p e r + c e n t + a r e + % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 8 f r e e h o l d % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s % 2 c + o w n e d + e i t h e r + b y + i n d i v i d u a l s + a n d + c o m p a n i e s + % 2 8 s u c h + a s + t h e + s u c c e s s o r s + t o + t h e + h u d s o n % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + b a y + c o m p a n y % 2 c + e a r l y + s e t t l e r s + a n d + r a i l w a y s % 2 9 + o r + b y + t h e + g o v e r n m e n t + o f + c a n a d a + a s + n a t i o n a l + p a r k s + o r + m i l i t a r y + b a s e s % 2 c + o r + o n + b e h a l f + o f + f i r s t + n a t i o n s % 0 a a l b e r t a + n o w + l e a s e s % 2 c + b u t + w i l l + n o t + s e l l % 2 c + t h e + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s + i t + o w n s + t i t l e + t o + s u r f a c e + r i g h t s % 2 c + h o w e v e r % 2 c + m a y + b e + a c q u i r e d + f r o m + t h e + p r o v i n c e + b y + a p p l i c a t i o n + t o + t h e + d e p a r t m e n t + o f + e n v i r o n m e n t + a n d + s u s t a i n a b l e + r e s o u r c e + d e v e l o p m e n t + % 2 8 e s r d % 2 9 % 0 a a l b e r t a + e n e r g y + i s s u e s + m i n e r a l + l e a s e s + f o r + s u b s u r f a c e + t r a c t s + o w n e d + b y + t h e + p r o v i n c e + t h e s e + l e a s e s + a r e + a c q u i r e d + t h r o u g h + a + c o m p e t i t i v e + b i d + a u c t i o n + h e l d + e v e r y + t w o + w e e k s % 2 c + w i t h + t h e + h i g h e s t + b i d d e r + w i n n i n g + t h e + p a r c e l + p r i o r + t o + o f f e r i n g + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s % 2 c + t h e + p r o v i n c e + m a y + p e r f o r m + a + g e n e r a l + a s s e s s m e n t + t o + i d e n t i f y + m a j o r + s u r f a c e + o r + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + c o n c e r n s + t h i s + m a y + r e s u l t + i n + t h e + a t t a c h m e n t + o f + a n + a d d e n d u m + t o + t h e + p u b l i c + o f f e r i n g + n o t i c e % 2 c + w h i c h + r e f l e c t s + a + s u r f a c e + o r + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + c o n c e r n + t h a t + c o u l d + t h e n + a f f e c t + s u r f a c e + a c c e s s % 0 a a + c r o w n + l e a s e + i s + f o r + a n + i n i t i a l + f i v e - y e a r + p r i m a r y + t e r m % 2 c + b u t + i f + t h e + l a n d s + a r e + p r o v e n + p r o d u c t i v e % 2 c + i t + c a n + b e + c o n t i n u e d + i n d e f i n i t e l y + a + p a r c e l + m a y + b e + p r o v e n + p r o d u c t i v e + b y + d r i l l i n g % 2 c + p r o d u c t i o n % 2 c + m a p p i n g + o r + b e i n g + i n c l u d e d + i n + a + p r o d u c t i o n + u n i t + t h e + m o n e y + p a i d + f o r + l e a s e s + g o e s + i n t o + p r o v i n c i a l + c o f f e r s + t h e r e + i s + n o + r e q u i r e m e n t + f o r + l e s s e e s + t o + p r o v i d e + a n y + w o r k + c o m m i t m e n t s % 0 a b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 0 a t h e + p r o c e s s + f o r + a c q u i r i n g + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s + i n + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a + i s + s i m i l a r + t o + t h a t + f o r + a l b e r t a + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a + w a s + a + b r i t i s h + c o l o n y + t h a t + j o i n e d + c a n a d a + i n + 1 8 7 1 + t h e + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s + a r e + o w n e d + p r i v a t e l y + i n + o n l y + a b o u t + 4 + p e r + c e n t + o f + t h e + p r o v i n c e % 2 c + t h e + o t h e r + 9 6 + p e r + c e n t + b e i n g + h e l d + b y + t h e + p r o v i n c i a l + c r o w n % 0 a l a n d + g r a n t s + f r o m + t h e + p r o v i n c e + t o + s e t t l e r s + a n d + o t h e r s + h a v e + n o t + i n c l u d e d + m i n e r a l + r i g h t s + t h i s + i s + b e c a u s e + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a + i s s u e s + m i n e r a l + a g r e e m e n t s + t o + t h e + o i l + a n d + g a s + i n d u s t r y + t h r o u g h + p u b l i c + a u c t i o n s % 2 c + w i t h + t h e + h i g h e s t + b i d + b e i n g + g r a n t e d + a n + a g r e e m e n t + e n t i t l i n g + e x p l o r a t i o n + a n d + d e v e l o p m e n t + f o r + a + t e r m + o f + t h r e e + t o + t e n + y e a r s + t h e + t e n u r e + m a y + b e + r e n e w e d + o r + e x t e n d e d + i n d e f i n i t e l y + t h r o u g h + f u r t h e r + e x p l o r a t i o n + o r + p r o d u c t i o n + t h e r e + i s + g e n e r a l l y + n o + r e q u i r e m e n t + t o + m a k e + a n y + w o r k + c o m m i t m e n t s + t o + h o l d + l a n d s % 0 a n o v a + s c o t i a % 0 a a l l + p e t r o l e u m + l o c a t e d + u n d e r + n o v a + s c o t i a + l a n d s + i s + b y + l e g i s l a t i o n + d e e m e d + t o + b e + v e s t e d + i n + t h e + c r o w n + t h e r e + a r e + n o + f r e e h o l d + p e t r o l e u m + r i g h t s + i n + n o v a + s c o t i a + l a n d s + m a y + b e + n o m i n a t e d + b y + i n d u s t r y + a t + a n y + t i m e + u s u a l l y % 2 c + t h i s + r e s u l t s + i n + a + c o m p e t i t i v e + c a l l + f o r + e x p l o r a t i o n + p r o p o s a l s + t h e + n o v a + s c o t i a + d e p a r t m e n t + o f + e n e r g y + r e v i e w s + t h e + r e q u e s t e d + p a r c e l % 2 8 s % 2 9 + a n d + m a y + m o d i f y + t h e + o r i g i n a l + p a r c e l + s i z e + a n d + c o n f i g u r a t i o n + i n + c o n s u l t a t i o n + w i t h + t h e + c o m p a n y + t h a t + m a d e + t h e + n o m i n a t i o n % 0 a p u b l i c + n o t i c e + o f + t h e + p r o p o s e d + g r a n t + i s + t h e n + g i v e n + t h r o u g h + a + c a l l + f o r + e x p l o r a t i o n + p r o p o s a l s % 2 c + p o s t i n g + i n + i n d u s t r y + m e d i a + a n d + t h r o u g h + d i r e c t + m a i l i n g s % 0 a t h e + c a l l + f o r + e x p l o r a t i o n + p r o p o s a l s + r e m a i n s + o p e n + f o r + a + m i n i m u m + o f + 6 0 + d a y s + a p p l i c a n t s + s u b m i t + a + b i d + b a s e d + o n + a + w o r k + c o m m i t m e n t % 2 c + i n f o r m a t i o n + s u f f i c i e n t + t o + j u d g e + t h e i r + t e c h n i c a l + a n d + f i n a n c i a l + c a p a b i l i t y % 2 c + a n d + e v i d e n c e + o f + p a s t + e x p e r i e n c e + i n + e x p l o r a t i o n + p e t r o l e u m + r i g h t s + a r e + t h e n + g r a n t e d + t o + t h e + a p p l i c a n t + s u b m i t t i n g + t h e + b e s t + w o r k + c o m m i t m e n t % 2 c + p r o v i d i n g + a l l + o t h e r + c r i t e r i a + h a v e + b e e n + m e t % 0 a t h e + e x c l u s i v e + r i g h t + t o + e x p l o r e + i s + c o n v e y e d + b y + a n + e x p l o r a t i o n + a g r e e m e n t % 2 c + w h i c h + i s + a + c o n t r a c t u a l + a g r e e m e n t + b e t w e e n + t h e + a p p l i c a n t + a n d + t h e + m i n i s t e r + o f + e n e r g y + f o r + a + c o n v e n t i o n a l + p e t r o l e u m + r i g h t % 2 c + a t + l e a s t + o n e + w e l l + m u s t + b e + d r i l l e d + i n + t h e + i n i t i a l + t h r e e - y e a r + p e r i o d + t w o + r e n e w a l s + o f + t h r e e + y e a r s + e a c h + a r e + a v a i l a b l e + f o r + l a n d s + t h a t + c o n t i n u e + t o + b e + e x p l o r e d + a + l e a s e + m a y + b e + i s s u e d + b y + t h e + m i n i s t e r + o f + e n e r g y + i n + r e s p o n s e + t o + t h e + f i l i n g + o f + a n + a c c e p t a b l e + d e v e l o p m e n t + p r o g r a m m e + t h e + l e a s e + i s + f o r + t e n + y e a r s % 2 c + w i t h + f u r t h e r + r e n e w a l s + a v a i l a b l e + u p o n + p a r t i c u l a r + t e r m s + a n d + c o n d i t i o n s % 0 a h o w e v e r % 2 c + o n + s e p t e m b e r + 3 0 % 2 c + 2 0 1 4 % 2 c + t h e + n o v a + s c o t i a + g o v e r n m e n t + i n t r o d u c e d + i n t o + t h e + l e g i s l a t u r e + a + l a w + w h i c h + p r o h i b i t s + % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 8 h i g h - v o l u m e + h y d r a u l i c + f r a c t u r i n g % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 + o f + o n - s h o r e + s h a l e + f o r m a t i o n s + u n t i l + i t + h a s + c o n d u c t e d + m o r e + r e s e a r c h + a n d + g a i n e d + a + b e t t e r + u n d e r s t a n d i n g + o f + t h e + p r o v i n c e % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + s h a l e + r e s o u r c e s % 0 a n e w + b r u n s w i c k % 0 a i n + n e w + b r u n s w i c k % 2 c + a l l + o i l + a n d + n a t u r a l + g a s + r e s o u r c e s + a r e + a l s o + o w n e d + b y + t h e + p r o v i n c e + s a l e s + o f + r i g h t s + t o + e x p l o r e + p e t r o l e u m % 2 c + a n d + n a t u r a l + g a s + r i g h t s % 2 c + a r e + h e l d + f o u r + t i m e s + a + y e a r + t h e + p r o c e s s + i s + s i m i l a r + t o + t h a t + i n + n o v a + s c o t i a + w h e r e + a + c o m p a n y + n o m i n a t e s + l a n d s % 2 c + w h i c h + t h e n + t r i g g e r s + t h e + m i n i s t r y + o f + n a t u r a l + r e s o u r c e s + t o + p u b l i s h + a + t e n d e r + n o t i c e + b i d d i n g + i s + l e f t + o p e n + f o r + 6 0 + d a y s + a + l i c e n c e + t o + s e a r c h + m a y + b e + g r a n t e d + t o + t h e + c o m p a n y + w i t h + t h e + g r e a t e s t + w o r k + c o m m i t m e n t % 2 c + e n t i t l i n g + t h e + h o l d e r + t o + e x p l o r e + a n d + p r o d u c e + f o r + a + t h r e e - y e a r + n o n - r e n e w a b l e + t e r m + t h e + l i c e n c e + m a y + b e + c o n v e r t e d + a t + a n y + t i m e + t o + a + f i v e - y e a r + l e a s e % 2 c + t h u s + e n t i t l i n g + t h e + l e s s e e + t o + p r o d u c e + t h e + r e s o u r c e s + a + l e a s e + m a y + b e + e x t e n d e d + i n d e f i n i t e l y + b y + p r o d u c t i o n % 0 a i n + n e w + b r u n s w i c k % 2 c + t h e + g o v e r n m e n t + h a s + a l s o + b a n n e d + h y d r a u l i c + f r a c t u r i n g % 2 c + t h e r e b y + s t o p p i n g + a l l + e f f o r t s + t o + d e v e l o p + n e w + b r u n s w i c k % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + s h a l e + b a s i n s % 2 c + w h i c h + a r e + s o m e + o f + t h e + t h i c k e s t + i n + n o r t h + a m e r i c a % 0 a r i g h t s % 2 c + l i c e n c e s + a n d + a p p r o v a l s % 0 a t h e + n e b + r e g u l a t e s + c e r t a i n + a s p e c t s + o f + t h e + e n e r g y + i n d u s t r y + i n + c a n a d a % 2 c + i n c l u d i n g + t h e + c o n s t r u c t i o n + a n d + o p e r a t i o n + o f + i n t e r - p r o v i n c i a l + a n d + i n t e r n a t i o n a l + p i p e l i n e s % 2 c + t h e + e x p o r t + a n d + i m p o r t + o f + o i l + a n d + n a t u r a l + g a s % 2 c + a n d + o i l + a n d + g a s + a c t i v i t i e s + i n + t h e + n o r t h w e s t + t e r r i t o r i e s + a n d + c e r t a i n + o f f s h o r e + b a s i n s + i t + i s + a n + i n d e p e n d e n t + f e d e r a l + r e g u l a t o r y + a g e n c y + t h a t + r e p o r t s + t h r o u g h + t h e + f e d e r a l + m i n i s t e r + o f + n a t u r a l + r e s o u r c e s + t o + t h e + p a r l i a m e n t + o f + c a n a d a + a l t h o u g h + t h e + n e b + h a s + a + r o l e % 2 c + m o s t + r e g u l a t o r y + a c t i v i t y + i s + a t + t h e + p r o v i n c i a l + l e v e l + t h r o u g h + p r o v i n c i a l + d e p a r t m e n t s % 2 c + b o a r d s + o r + c o m m i s s i o n s % 0 a a l b e r t a % 0 a i n + a l b e r t a % 2 c + t h e + a l b e r t a + e n e r g y + r e g u l a t o r + % 2 8 a e r % 2 9 + i s s u e s + p e r m i t s % 2 c + l i c e n c e s + a n d + o t h e r + r e g u l a t o r y + a p p r o v a l s + f o r + t h e + d e v e l o p m e n t + o f + u p s t r e a m + o i l + a n d + g a s + a c t i v i t i e s + a + g e o p h y s i c a l + e x p l o r a t i o n + a p p r o v a l + i s + r e q u i r e d + f o r + s e i s m i c + a c t i v i t i e s % 2 c + a n d + a + l i c e n c e + o f + o c c u p a t i o n % 2 c + m i n e r a l + s u r f a c e + l e a s e + o r + m i s c e l l a n e o u s + l e a s e + i s + n e e d e d + t o + a c c e s s + t h e + s u r f a c e + o f + p u b l i c + l a n d s + f o r + p r i v a t e + l a n d s % 2 c + e i t h e r + a n + a g r e e m e n t + w i t h + t h e + l a n d o w n e r + o r + a + r i g h t + o f + e n t r y + o r d e r + f r o m + t h e + s u r f a c e + r i g h t s + b o a r d + i s + r e q u i r e d + o p e r a t o r s + m u s t + b e + r e g i s t e r e d + w i t h + t h e + a e r + a n d + h o l d + a + b u s i n e s s + a s s o c i a t e + c o d e + t o + b e + i s s u e d + a + w e l l % 2 c + f a c i l i t y + o r + p i p e l i n e + l i c e n c e + a d d i t i o n a l + r e g u l a t o r y + a p p r o v a l s + a r e + n e e d e d + f o r + i n j e c t i o n + a n d + d i s p o s a l + w e l l s % 2 c + o i l f i e l d + w a s t e + m a n a g e m e n t + f a c i l i t i e s % 2 c + f l a r i n g % 2 c + p i p e l i n e s % 2 c + r o a d s + a n d + o t h e r + l i n e a r + d i s t u r b a n c e s + t h e + a e r + h a s + a l s o + i s s u e d + n u m e r o u s + r e g u l a t o r y + d i r e c t i v e s + c o v e r i n g + s u c h + t h i n g s + a s + e q u i p m e n t + r e q u i r e m e n t s % 2 c + m e a s u r e m e n t % 2 c + r e c o r d + k e e p i n g % 2 c + r e p o r t i n g % 2 c + e m e r g e n c y + r e s p o n s e % 2 c + i n s p e c t i o n s % 2 c + s e t b a c k s % 2 c + n o i s e % 2 c + w e l l + s p a c i n g % 2 c + r e s e r v o i r + a n d + p o o l + d e v e l o p m e n t % 2 c + s t a k e h o l d e r + n o t i f i c a t i o n + a n d + c o n s u l t a t i o n % 2 c + a n d + e q u i t y + i s s u e s + s u c h + a s + c o m m o n + c a r r i e r % 2 c + c o m m o n + p r o c e s s o r + a n d + r a t e a b l e + t a k e + m a t t e r s + t h e + a e r % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + d i r e c t i v e s + a r e + l a r g e l y + m a n d a t o r y % 0 a i n + s e p t e m b e r + 2 0 1 4 % 2 c + t h e + a e r + r e c o g n i s e d + t h a t + i t s + r e g u l a t o r y + f r a m e w o r k + n e e d e d + t o + e v o l v e + t o + m e e t + t h e + c h a l l e n g e s + o f + d e v e l o p i n g + u n c o n v e n t i o n a l + o i l + a n d + g a s + r e s o u r c e s + a n d + i t + p r o p o s e d + a + n e w + r i s k - b a s e d + a n d + p l a y - f o c u s e d + r e g u l a t o r y + p i l o t + p r o j e c t + i n s t e a d + o f + a p p r o v i n g + d e v e l o p m e n t + o n + a + w e l l - b y - w e l l + o r + p i p e l i n e - b y - p i p e l i n e + b a s i s % 2 c + a l l + t h e + o p e r a t o r s + i n + a + f i e l d + a r e + r e q u i r e d + t o + a p p l y + f o r + o n e + c o l l e c t i v e + r e g u l a t o r y + a p p r o v a l + t h a t + a u t h o r i s e s % 2 c + u n d e r + s e v e r a l + p i e c e s + o f + l e g i s l a t i o n % 2 c + a l l + t h e + w e l l s % 2 c + p i p e l i n e s + a n d + f a c i l i t i e s + f o r + t h e + e n t i r e + f i e l d + t h i s + u n p r e c e d e n t e d + l e v e l + o f + c o o p e r a t i o n + a m o n g + n u m e r o u s + c o m p a n i e s + w i l l + a l s o + r e q u i r e + t h e m + t o + d e v e l o p + j o i n t + r i s k + m a n a g e m e n t + p l a n s + a n d + u n d e r t a k e + j o i n t + s t a k e h o l d e r + e n g a g e m e n t + t h r o u g h o u t + t h e + l i f e + c y c l e + o f + t h e + f i e l d % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + d e v e l o p m e n t % 0 a t h e + a e r + h a s + a l s o + i s s u e d + a + d i r e c t i v e + o n + h y d r a u l i c + f r a c t u r i n g % 2 c + s e t t i n g + o u t + n e w + p r o v i s i o n s + t o + m a n a g e + r i s k s + a s s o c i a t e d + w i t h + h y d r a u l i c + f r a c t u r i n g + o p e r a t i o n s + t h e + p r o v i s i o n s + i n c l u d e + r e q u i r e m e n t s + f o r + o p e r a t o r s + t o + u n d e r t a k e + a n + a s s e s s m e n t + o f + t h e + r i s k s + o f + i n t e r - w e l l - b o r e + c o m m u n i c a t i o n + b e t w e e n + t h e + w e l l + t h e y + w a n t + t o + h y d r a u l i c a l l y + f r a c t u r e + a n d + o f f s e t t i n g + w e l l s + o p e r a t o r s + a l s o + h a v e + t o + d e v e l o p + a + r i s k + m a n a g e m e n t + p l a n + t h a t + a l l o w s + f o r + t h e + m o n i t o r i n g + o f + o f f s e t + w e l l s + d u r i n g + s u c h + o p e r a t i o n s + a n d + p r o v i d e + a + r e s p o n s e + p l a n + i n + t h e + e v e n t + o f + a n y + i n t e r - w e l l - b o r e + c o m m u n i c a t i o n + t h e + d i r e c t i v e + p r o t e c t s + p o t a b l e + g r o u n d w a t e r + s u p p l i e s + b y + p r o h i b i t i n g + h y d r a u l i c + f r a c t u r i n g + s h a l l o w e r + t h a n + 1 0 0 m + b e l o w + t h e + p o t a b l e + g r o u n d w a t e r + h o r i z o n + o r + w i t h i n + 2 0 0 m + o f + a + w a t e r + w e l l + f r a c t u r i n g + i s + a l s o + p r o h i b i t e d + w i t h i n + 1 0 0 m + o f + t h e + t o p + o f + t h e + b e d r o c k % 0 a b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 0 a t h e + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a + o i l + a n d + g a s + c o m m i s s i o n + % 2 8 o g c % 2 9 + o v e r s e e s + o i l + a n d + g a s + a c t i v i t i e s + w i t h i n + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % 2 c + f r o m + e x p l o r a t i o n + a n d + d e v e l o p m e n t + t o + d r i l l i n g + a n d + d e c o m m i s s i o n i n g + p u b l i c + s a f e t y + a n d + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + i s s u e s + a r e + a l s o + a + p a r t + o f + t h e + o g c % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + m a n d a t e + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + o i l + a n d + g a s + a c t i v i t i e s + a c t + p r o v i d e s + a + r e s u l t s - b a s e d % 2 c + s i n g l e w i n d o w + r e g u l a t o r y + f r a m e w o r k + f o r + r e g u l a t o r y + a p p r o v a l s + f o r + t h e + i n d u s t r y + u n d e r + i t % 2 c + t h e + o g c + m a y + i s s u e + p e r m i t s + t h a t + w o u l d + o t h e r w i s e + b e + i s s u e d + b y + o t h e r + g o v e r n m e n t + a g e n c i e s + a n d + d e p a r t m e n t s % 0 a s i n c e + t h e + h y d r o c a r b o n + r e s o u r c e s + i n + t h e + h o r n + r i v e r + b a s i n + a n d + o t h e r + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a + s h a l e + p l a y s + a r e + b e l i e v e d + t o + b e + q u i t e + s u b s t a n t i a l % 2 c + t h e + o g c + i s + p r e p a r i n g + f o r + t h e + d r i l l i n g + a n d + p r o d u c t i o n + b o o m + t h a t + i s + e x p e c t e d + t o + s u p p o r t + n u m e r o u s + l i q u e f i e d + n a t u r a l + g a s + % 2 8 l n g % 2 9 + e x p o r t + p r o j e c t s + o n + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + w e s t + c o a s t + t h a t + b e i n g + s a i d % 2 c + o p e r a t o r s + i n + t h e s e + r e s o u r c e + p l a y s + f a c e + s e v e r a l + c o n s t r a i n t s % 2 c + i n c l u d i n g + l o w + g a s + p r i c e s % 2 c + t h e + s h o r t + d r i l l i n g + s e a s o n + d u e + t o + t h e + w e a t h e r + a n d + t e r r a i n % 2 c + t h e + l a c k + o f + e x i s t i n g + i n f r a s t r u c t u r e + % 2 8 p i p e l i n e s + a n d + r o a d w a y s % 2 9 % 2 c + p r o d u c e d + c a r b o n + d i o x i d e + a n d + e m e r g i n g + w a t e r + s u p p l y + i s s u e s % 0 a a c c e s s + t o + m u c h + o f + n o r t h - e a s t e r n + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + h y d r o c a r b o n + r e s o u r c e s + i s + l i m i t e d + t o + t h e + w i n t e r + m o n t h s + % 2 8 d e c e m b e r + t o + m a r c h % 2 9 + a s + t h e + g r o u n d + t h a w s + i n + t h e + s p r i n g % 2 c + i t + i s + u n a b l e + t o + s u s t a i n + t h e + w e i g h t + o f + t h e + d r i l l i n g + e q u i p m e n t + b o t h + w o r k e r s + a n d + p r o d u c t i o n + e q u i p m e n t + m u s t + t h e r e f o r e + b e + r e m o v e d + b e f o r e + t h e + s p r i n g + b r e a k - u p + c o m m e n c e s + i n + t u r n % 2 c + a + s h o r t + d r i l l i n g + s e a s o n + p l a c e s + l i m i t a t i o n s + o n + t h e + a m o u n t + o f + g a s + t h a t + c a n + b e + p r o d u c e d + i n + t h e + a r e a + h o w e v e r % 2 c + i m p r o v e m e n t s + i n + t e c h n o l o g y + c a n + e f f e c t i v e l y + e x t e n d + t h e + d r i l l i n g + s e a s o n + i n + n o r t h e r n + c l i m a t e s + t h e + a b i l i t y + t o + d r i l l + m u l t i p l e + h o r i z o n t a l + w e l l s + % 2 8 8 % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 3 2 0 + w e l l + b o r e s % 2 9 + f r o m + a + s i n g l e + w e l l + p a d + c a n + i n c r e a s e + p r o d u c t i o n + d u r i n g + t h e + d r i l l i n g + s e a s o n + a n d + i m p r o v e + p r o j e c t + e c o n o m i c s + f o r + c o m p a n i e s + o p e r a t i n g + i n + t h e + r e g i o n % 0 a t h e + l a c k + o f + e x i s t i n g + i n f r a s t r u c t u r e % 2 c + s u c h + a s + p i p e l i n e s + o r + r o a d w a y s % 2 c + i s + a l s o + a + l i m i t i n g + f a c t o r + w i t h o u t + s u f f i c i e n t + p i p e l i n e + c a p a c i t y + t o + m o v e + g a s + t o + m a r k e t s % 2 c + m u c h + o f + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + r e s o u r c e s + r e m a i n + s h u t + i n + a s + t h e + a r e a + d e v e l o p s % 2 c + a d d i t i o n a l + p i p e l i n e s + w i l l + b e + r e q u i r e d + t o + t i e + i n t o + m a j o r + e x p o r t + t r u n k + l i n e s + a n d + t o + s u p p l y + g a s + t o + t h e + v a r i o u s + l n g + p r o j e c t s % 0 a e s t a b l i s h m e n t + o f + a + l o c a l + e n t i t y % 0 a s e v e r a l + d i f f e r e n t + i n v e s t m e n t + v e h i c l e s + a r e + a v a i l a b l e + i n + c a n a d a % 2 c + e a c h + w i t h + i t s + o w n + a d v a n t a g e s + a n d + d i s a d v a n t a g e s + t a x % 2 c + l i a b i l i t y + a n d + o t h e r + i s s u e s + a r e + u s u a l l y + t h e + m a i n + d r i v e r s + i n + s e l e c t i n g + t h e + b e s t + v e h i c l e + a n d + m u s t + a l w a y s + b e + c a r e f u l l y + c o n s i d e r e d % 0 a i n c o r p o r a t i o n + m a y + b e + u n d e r t a k e n + u n d e r + t h e + f e d e r a l + l a w s + o f + c a n a d a + o r + p r o v i n c i a l l y + u n d e r + t h e + l a w s + o f + a + p r o v i n c e + g e n e r a l l y % 2 c + i n c o r p o r a t i o n + i n + c a n a d a + i s + a + s i m p l e + a n d + q u i c k + p r o c e s s + c o n s i s t i n g + o f + f i l i n g + v a r i o u s + i n c o r p o r a t i n g + f o r m s % 2 c + p a y i n g + a + f e e + a n d + r e g i s t e r i n g + w i t h + v a r i o u s + t a x a t i o n + a n d + o t h e r + a u t h o r i t i e s + c a p i t a l i s a t i o n + i s + a + m a t t e r + o f + c h o i c e % 2 c + a n d + p r i v a t e + c o r p o r a t i o n s % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 + c a p i t a l + a n d + f i n a n c i a l + i n f o r m a t i o n + i s + n o t + s h a r e d + w i t h + t h e + p u b l i c + g e n e r a l l y % 2 c + a + c o r p o r a t i o n + i n + c a n a d a + h a s + t h e + p o w e r + o f + a + n a t u r a l + p e r s o n + a + f e d e r a l l y + o r + p r o v i n c i a l l y + i n c o r p o r a t e d + c o r p o r a t i o n + m u s t + b e + r e g i s t e r e d + i n + e a c h + p r o v i n c e + a n d + t e r r i t o r y + w h e r e + i t + c a r r i e s + o n + b u s i n e s s % 0 a a t + l e a s t + 2 5 + p e r + c e n t + o f + t h e + f e d e r a l + c o r p o r a t i o n % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + d i r e c t o r s + m u s t + b e + c a n a d i a n + r e s i d e n t s + i f + t h e r e + a r e + t h r e e + o r + f e w e r + d i r e c t o r s % 2 c + a t + l e a s t + o n e + m u s t + b e + a + c a n a d i a n + r e s i d e n t + s o m e + p r o v i n c e s % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 + c o r p o r a t i o n + l a w s + a l s o + i n c l u d e + r e s i d e n c y + r e q u i r e m e n t s % 0 a a + f l o w - t h r o u g h + e n t i t y % 2 c + s u c h + a s + a n + u n l i m i t e d + l i a b i l i t y + c o m p a n y % 2 c + i s + c o m m o n l y + u s e d + f o r + u s + i n v e s t o r s + f o r + u s + t a x + r e a s o n s % 0 a t h e + u s e + o f + p a r t n e r s h i p s + a n d + j o i n t + v e n t u r e s + i s + c o m m o n + i n + c a n a d a % 2 c + e s p e c i a l l y + i n + t h e + o i l + a n d + g a s + i n d u s t r y + a + d e t a i l e d + p a r t n e r s h i p + o r + j o i n t + v e n t u r e + a g r e e m e n t + i s + c u s t o m a r y + l i m i t e d + p a r t n e r s h i p s + a r e + o f t e n + u s e d + t o + p e r m i t + t a x + d e d u c t i o n s + f o r + t h e + l i m i t e d + p a r t n e r s + w h i l e + s t i l l + p r o v i d i n g + l i m i t e d + l i a b i l i t y + p r o t e c t i o n % 0 a s t a t e + p a r t i c i p a t i o n % 0 a t h e r e + i s + l i t t l e + s t a t e + p a r t i c i p a t i o n + i n + c a n a d a % 2 c + a n d + n o + r e q u i r e m e n t + f o r + t h e + s t a t e + t o + o b t a i n + a n + i n t e r e s t + i n + a + s h a l e + p r o j e c t + h o w e v e r % 2 c + a s + m o s t + m i n e r a l + r e s o u r c e s + a r e + o w n e d + b y + t h e + c r o w n % 2 c + i t + c a n + b e + s a i d + t h a t + t h e + s t a t e + % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 8 p a r t i c i p a t e s % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 + i n + s h a l e + p l a y s + t h r o u g h + t h e + c o l l e c t i o n + o f + c r o w n + r o y a l t i e s % 0 a t a x e s + a n d + r o y a l t i e s % 0 a t a x e s % 0 a i n + a l b e r t a % 2 c + t h e + p r o v i n c e + h a s + c r e a t e d + a + s h a l e + g a s + n e w + w e l l + r o y a l t y + r a t e + o f + 5 + p e r + c e n t + t o + e n c o u r a g e + n e w + e x p l o r a t i o n % 2 c + d e v e l o p m e n t + a n d + p r o d u c t i o n + f r o m + a l b e r t a % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + s h a l e + g a s + r e s o u r c e s + t o + q u a l i f y % 2 c + t h e + w e l l + m u s t + p r o d u c e + s h a l e + g a s % 2 c + h a v e + n o + p r o d u c t i o n + p r i o r + t o + m a y + 1 % 2 c + 2 0 1 0 + a n d + b e + d r i l l e d + i n t o + c r o w n + l a n d s + t h i s + r e d u c e d + r o y a l t y + r a t e + i s + a v a i l a b l e + f o r + 3 6 + p r o d u c t i o n + m o n t h s + a l b e r t a + a l s o + h a s + a + h o r i z o n t a l + g a s + n e w + w e l l + r o y a l t y + r a t e + a n d + a + c o a l + b e d + m e t h a n e + n e w + w e l l + r o y a l t y + r a t e % 2 c + e a c h + a t + 5 + p e r + c e n t % 2 c + f o r + h o r i z o n t a l + % 2 8 n o n - s h a l e % 2 9 + a n d + c o a l b e d + m e t h a n e + w e l l s % 0 a a l b e r t a + e n e r g y + % 2 8 a e % 2 9 + a d m i n i s t e r s + c o l l e c t i o n + o f + a + f r e e h o l d + m i n e r a l + t a x + o n + p r o d u c t i o n + o f + p e t r o l e u m + a n d + n a t u r a l + g a s % 2 c + i n c l u d i n g + p r o d u c t i o n + f r o m + s h a l e + r e s o u r c e s % 2 c + n o t + o w n e d + b y + t h e + p r o v i n c e + t h e + t a x + e n s u r e s + t h a t + p r i v a t e + m i n e r a l + o w n e r s + c o n t r i b u t e + t o + a l b e r t a % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + i n f r a s t r u c t u r e + a n d + r e g u l a t o r y + c o s t s % 0 a r o y a l t i e s % 0 a i n + 2 0 0 3 % 2 c + b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a + i n t r o d u c e d + a + s e r i e s + o f + r o y a l t y + p r o g r a m m e s + t o + e n s u r e + t h a t + i t s + f i s c a l + r e g i m e + w a s + c o m p e t i t i v e + w i t h + o t h e r + j u r i s d i c t i o n s + a n d + t h a t + i t + e n c o u r a g e d + d e v e l o p m e n t + o f + t h e + p r o v i n c e % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + n a t u r a l + g a s + r e s o u r c e s + s i n c e + t h e n % 2 c + r o y a l t y + r a t e s + h a v e + b e e n + i n t r o d u c e d + t o + e n c o u r a g e + m a r g i n a l + a n d + u l t r a m a r g i n a l + n a t u r a l + g a s + w e l l s + a n d + c r e d i t s + c r e a t e d + f o r + d e e p + g a s + e x p l o r a t i o n % 2 c + s u m m e r + d r i l l i n g + a n d + i n f r a s t r u c t u r e + d e v e l o p m e n t % 0 a b r i t i s h + c o l u m b i a + h a s + a l s o + c r e a t e d + a + n e t + p r o f i t + r o y a l t y + p r o g r a m m e + t o + s t i m u l a t e + t h e + d e v e l o p m e n t + o f + h i g h - r i s k + a n d + h i g h - c o s t + o i l + a n d + g a s + r e s o u r c e s + t h a t + a r e + n o t + e c o n o m i c + u n d e r + o t h e r + r o y a l t y + p r o g r a m m e s + i n t e r e s t e d + p a r t i e s + h a v e + t o + a p p l y + t o + t h e + m i n i s t r y + o f + e n e r g y % 2 c + m i n e s + a n d + p e t r o l e u m + r e s o u r c e s + t o + a c c e s s + t h e + r o y a l t y + t h e + p r o g r a m m e + r e q u i r e s + a n + i n v e s t m e n t + o f + a t + l e a s t + c % 2 4 5 0 + m i l l i o n + o v e r + f i v e + y e a r s + t h i s + i n c l u d e s + s e i s m i c % 2 c + r o a d + b u i l d i n g + a n d + d r i l l i n g % 2 c + b u t + n o t + l a n d + a c q u i s i t i o n + t h e + n e t + p r o f i t + r o y a l t y + p r o g r a m m e + a l l o w s + a + n e t + p r o f i t + r o y a l t y + t o + b e + p a i d + o n + a p p r o v e d + p r o j e c t s % 2 c + b e g i n n i n g + w i t h + a + r o y a l t y + r a t e + o f + 2 + p e r + c e n t + o f + g r o s s + r e v e n u e + w h i l e + a + p r o j e c t + i s + i n + t h e + p r e p a y o u t + p h a s e + a n d + t h e n + i n c r e a s i n g + a s + t h e + p r o j e c t + p a y s + o u t + a n d + b e c o m e s + p r o f i t a b l e % 0 a f o r e i g n + c u r r e n c y + a n d + i n v e s t m e n t % 0 a t h e + f e d e r a l + i n v e s t m e n t + c a n a d a + a c t + e s t a b l i s h e s + r e q u i r e m e n t s + f o r + n o n - c a n a d i a n s + w h o + w i s h + t o + a c q u i r e + c o n t r o l + o f + a n + e x i s t i n g + c a n a d i a n + b u s i n e s s + o r + t o + e s t a b l i s h + a + n e w + u n r e l a t e d + b u s i n e s s + i n + c a n a d a + e i t h e r + t o + p r o v i d e + n o t i c e + t o + i n v e s t m e n t + c a n a d a + o r + o b t a i n + i n v e s t m e n t + c a n a d a % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + a p p r o v a l + t h e + p u r p o s e + o f + t h e + a c t + i s + t o + e n c o u r a g e + n o n - c a n a d i a n s + t o + i n v e s t + i n + c a n a d a + s o + a s + t o + c o n t r i b u t e + t o + e c o n o m i c + g r o w t h + a n d + e m p l o y m e n t + o p p o r t u n i t i e s + a n d + t o + p r o v i d e + f o r + t h e + r e v i e w + o f + s i g n i f i c a n t + i n v e s t m e n t s + i n + c a n a d a + b y + n o n - c a n a d i a n s + i n + o r d e r + t o + e n s u r e + s u c h + b e n e f i t + t o + c a n a d a % 0 a t h e + t h r e s h o l d s + f o r + t r a n s a c t i o n s + t h a t + a r e + s u b j e c t + t o + r e v i e w + a r e + c % 2 4 5 + m i l l i o n + f o r + d i r e c t + i n v e s t m e n t s + a n d + c % 2 4 5 0 + m i l l i o n + f o r + i n d i r e c t + t r a n s a c t i o n s + h o w e v e r % 2 c + i n v e s t o r s + f r o m + t h e + w o r l d + t r a d e + o r g a n i s a t i o n + % 2 8 w t o % 2 9 + m e m b e r + c o u n t r i e s + b e n e f i t + f r o m + h i g h e r + t h r e s h o l d s + n e w + t h r e s h o l d s + f o r + r e v i e w + f o r + w t o + m e m b e r + i n v e s t o r s + b e c o m e + e f f e c t i v e + o n + j a n u a r y + 1 + o f + e v e r y + y e a r + t h e + t h r e s h o l d + f o r + r e v i e w + f o r + w t o + i n v e s t o r s + i s + c % 2 4 3 6 9 + m i l l i o n + f o r + t h e + y e a r + 2 0 1 5 % 0 a t h e + n a t i o n a l + s e c u r i t y + r e v i e w + o f + i n v e s t m e n t s + r e g u l a t i o n s + % 2 8 t h e + r e g u l a t i o n s % 2 9 + p r e s c r i b e + t h e + v a r i o u s + t i m e + p e r i o d s + w i t h i n + w h i c h + t h e + m i n i s t e r + o f + e n e r g y + a n d % 2 f o r + t h e + g o v e r n o r + i n + c o u n c i l + m u s t + t a k e + a c t i o n s + t o + t r i g g e r + a + n a t i o n a l + s e c u r i t y + r e v i e w % 2 c + t o + c o n d u c t + t h e + r e v i e w + a n d % 2 c + a f t e r + t h e + r e v i e w % 2 c + t o + o r d e r + m e a s u r e s + t o + p r o t e c t + n a t i o n a l + s e c u r i t y + i n + r e s p e c t + o f + t h e + r e v i e w e d + i n v e s t m e n t s + t h e + r e g u l a t i o n s + a l s o + p r o v i d e + a + l i s t + o f + i n v e s t i g a t i v e + b o d i e s + w i t h + w h i c h + c o n f i d e n t i a l + i n f o r m a t i o n + c a n + b e + s h a r e d + a n d + t h a t + m a y + u s e + t h a t + i n f o r m a t i o n + f o r + t h e + p u r p o s e + o f + t h e i r + o w n + i n v e s t i g a t i o n s % 0 a g u i d e l i n e s + f o r + i n v e s t m e n t s + b y + s t a t e - o w n e d + e n t e r p r i s e s % 0 a t h e + m i n i s t e r + h a s + i s s u e d + g u i d e l i n e s + f o r + i n v e s t m e n t s + b y + s t a t e - o w n e d + e n t e r p r i s e s + % 2 8 s o e s % 2 9 + t o + i n f o r m + i n v e s t o r s + o f + c e r t a i n + p r o c e d u r e s + t h a t + w i l l + b e + f o l l o w e d + f o r + t h e + r e v i e w + a n d + f o r + m o n i t o r i n g + p r o v i s i o n s + o f + t h e + a c t + w h e r e + t h e + i n v e s t o r s + a r e + s o e s + a n + s o e + i s + a n + e n t e r p r i s e + t h a t + i s + o w n e d % 2 c + c o n t r o l l e d + o r + i n f l u e n c e d % 2 c + d i r e c t l y + o r + i n d i r e c t l y % 2 c + b y + a + f o r e i g n + g o v e r n m e n t + i n + t h e i r + a p p l i c a t i o n s + f o r + r e v i e w % 2 c + n o n - c a n a d i a n + i n v e s t o r s % 2 c + i n c l u d i n g + s o e s % 2 c + a r e + r e q u i r e d + t o + i d e n t i f y + t h e i r + o w n e r s % 2 c + i n c l u d i n g + a n y + d i r e c t + o r + i n d i r e c t + s t a t e + o w n e r s h i p + o r + c o n t r o l + i t + i s + f e d e r a l + p o l i c y + t o + e n s u r e + t h a t + t h e + g o v e r n a n c e + a n d + c o m m e r c i a l + o r i e n t a t i o n + o f + s o e s + a r e + c o n s i d e r e d + i n + d e t e r m i n i n g + w h e t h e r + r e v i e w a b l e + a c q u i s i t i o n s + o f + c o n t r o l + i n + c a n a d a + b y + a n + s o e + a r e + o f + n e t + b e n e f i t + t o + c a n a d a % 0 a i n v e s t o r s + m u s t + a l s o + d e m o n s t r a t e + t h e i r + s t r o n g + c o m m i t m e n t + t o + t r a n s p a r e n t + a n d + c o m m e r c i a l + o p e r a t i o n s + t h e + m i n i s t e r + d e t e r m i n e s + w h e t h e r + a + r e v i e w a b l e + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + c o n t r o l + b y + a n + s o e + i s + o f + % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 8 n e t + b e n e f i t % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 + t o + c a n a d a + t h e + b u r d e n + o f + p r o o f + i s + o n + t h e + f o r e i g n + i n v e s t o r + t o + d e m o n s t r a t e + t o + t h e + s a t i s f a c t i o n + o f + t h e + m i n i s t e r + t h a t + a + p r o p o s e d + i n v e s t m e n t + i s + l i k e l y + t o + b e + o f + n e t + b e n e f i t + t o + c a n a d a + t h e + m i n i s t e r + e x a m i n e s % 2 c + a m o n g + o t h e r + t h i n g s % 2 c + t h e + c o r p o r a t e + g o v e r n a n c e + a n d + r e p o r t i n g + s t r u c t u r e + o f + t h e + n o n - c a n a d i a n + i n v e s t o r % 2 c + i n c l u d i n g + w h e t h e r + t h e + n o n - + c a n a d i a n + a d h e r e s + t o + c a n a d i a n + s t a n d a r d s + o f + c o r p o r a t e + g o v e r n a n c e + s u c h + a s + c o m m i t m e n t s + t o + t r a n s p a r e n c y + a n d + d i s c l o s u r e % 2 c + i n d e p e n d e n t + m e m b e r s + o f + t h e + b o a r d + o f + d i r e c t o r s % 2 c + a n + i n d e p e n d e n t + a u d i t + c o m m i t t e e % 2 c + e q u i t a b l e + t r e a t m e n t + o f + s h a r e h o l d e r s + a n d + a d h e r e n c e + t o + f r e e + m a r k e t + p r i n c i p l e s % 0 a t h e + m i n i s t e r + a l s o + a s s e s s e s + t h e + e f f e c t + o f + t h e + i n v e s t m e n t + o n + t h e + l e v e l + a n d + n a t u r e + o f + e c o n o m i c + a c t i v i t y + i n + c a n a d a % 2 c + i n c l u d i n g + t h e + e f f e c t + o n + e m p l o y m e n t % 2 c + p r o d u c t i o n + a n d + c a p i t a l + l e v e l s + i n + c a n a d a + t h e + e x a m i n a t i o n + a l s o + c o v e r s + h o w + t h e + n o n - c a n a d i a n + i n v e s t o r + i s + o w n e d + a n d + t h e + e x t e n t + t o + w h i c h + i t + i s + c o n t r o l l e d + b y + a + s t a t e + o r + i t s + c o n d u c t + a n d + o p e r a t i o n s + a r e + i n f l u e n c e d + b y + a + s t a t e % 0 a s p e c i f i c + u n d e r t a k i n g s + r e l a t e d + t o + t h e s e + i s s u e s + m a y + a s s i s t + t o + s u p p l e m e n t + a + n o n - c a n a d i a n % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + p l a n s + f o r + t h e + c a n a d i a n + b u s i n e s s + e x a m p l e s + o f + u n d e r t a k i n g s + t h a t + h a v e + b e e n + u s e d + i n + t h e + p a s t + i n c l u d e + a p p o i n t m e n t + o f + c a n a d i a n s + a s + i n d e p e n d e n t + m e m b e r s + o f + t h e + b o a r d + o f + d i r e c t o r s % 2 c + e m p l o y m e n t + o f + c a n a d i a n s + i n + s e n i o r + m a n a g e m e n t + p o s i t i o n s % 2 c + i n c o r p o r a t i o n + o f + t h e + b u s i n e s s + i n + c a n a d a + a n d + t h e + l i s t i n g + o f + s e c u r i t i e s + o f + t h e + a c q u i r i n g + c o m p a n y + o r + t h e + c a n a d i a n + b u s i n e s s + b e i n g + a c q u i r e d + o n + a + c a n a d i a n + s t o c k + e x c h a n g e % 0 a w h e t h e r + t r a n s a c t i o n s + r e q u i r e + n o t i f i c a t i o n + o r + r e v i e w % 0 a t h e + m i n i s t e r + h a s + a l s o + i s s u e d + g u i d e l i n e s + t o + a s s i s t + i n v e s t o r s + i n + d e t e r m i n i n g + w h e t h e r + v a r i o u s + t r a n s a c t i o n s + i n v o l v i n g + t h e + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + i n t e r e s t s + i n + o i l + a n d + g a s + p r o p e r t i e s + a r e + s u b j e c t + e i t h e r + t o + n o t i f i c a t i o n + o r + r e v i e w + u n d e r + t h e + a c t + t h e + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + a + w o r k i n g + i n t e r e s t + i n + a + p r o p e r t y + o n + w h i c h + o n l y + e x p l o r a t i o n + a c t i v i t i e s + a r e + c o n d u c t e d + i s + n o t + t r e a t e d + a s + t h e + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + a n + i n t e r e s t + i n + a + % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 8 b u s i n e s s % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 % 2 c + a n d + i s + n o t + s u b j e c t + e i t h e r + t o + n o t i f i c a t i o n + o r + r e v i e w + h o w e v e r % 2 c + t h e + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + a + w o r k i n g + i n t e r e s t + i n + a + p r o p e r t y + t h a t + c o n t a i n s + r e c o v e r a b l e + r e s e r v e s + w i l l + u s u a l l y + b e + t r e a t e d + a s + t h e + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + a n + i n t e r e s t + i n + a + % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 8 b u s i n e s s % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 % 2 c + a n d + m a y + b e + s u b j e c t + e i t h e r + t o + n o t i f i c a t i o n + o r + r e v i e w % 2 c + d e p e n d i n g + o n + t h e + s i z e + o f + t h e + i n t e r e s t + b e i n g + a c q u i r e d + a n d + t h e + a s s e t + s i z e + o f + t h e + b u s i n e s s % 0 a w i t h + r e s p e c t + t o + o i l + a n d + g a s + p r o p e r t i e s % 2 c + t h e + r e l a t i o n s h i p + a m o n g + t h e + p a r t i c i p a n t s + i n + a + p a r t i c u l a r + f i e l d + o r + w e l l + w i l l + o r d i n a r i l y + c o n s t i t u t e + a + j o i n t + v e n t u r e + i f + t h e + i n t e r e s t + b e i n g + a c q u i r e d % 2 c + c o m b i n e d + w i t h + a n y + e x i s t i n g + i n t e r e s t + o w n e d + b y + t h e + i n v e s t o r + i n + t h e + p r o p e r t y % 2 c + d o e s + n o t + e x c e e d + 5 0 + p e r + c e n t % 2 c + t h e r e + i s + n o + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + c o n t r o l + a n d + t h e + t r a n s a c t i o n + i s + n o t + s u b j e c t + t o + t h e + a c t + h o w e v e r % 2 c + i f + t h e + m i n o r i t y + i n t e r e s t s + b e i n g + a c q u i r e d + r e p r e s e n t + a l l + o r + s u b s t a n t i a l l y + a l l + o f + t h e + o i l + a n d + g a s + b u s i n e s s + o f + t h e + v e n d o r % 2 c + t h e r e + w i l l + b e + a n + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + c o n t r o l + o f + t h e + v e n d o r % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + b u s i n e s s % 0 a a + r o y a l t y + i n t e r e s t + o r + a + n e t + p r o f i t + r o y a l t y + i s + n o t + c o n s i d e r e d + a + v o t i n g + i n t e r e s t + o r + a n + a s s e t + u s e d + i n + c a r r y i n g + o n + t h e + c a n a d i a n + b u s i n e s s + t h e r e f o r e % 2 c + t h e + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + a + r o y a l t y + o r + n e t + p r o f i t + i n t e r e s t + w i l l + n o t + o r d i n a r i l y + b e + t r e a t e d + a s + t h e + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + c o n t r o l + o f + a + b u s i n e s s % 0 a e a c h + p r o p e r t y + o r + w e l l + g o v e r n e d + b y + a + s e p a r a t e + o p e r a t i n g + a g r e e m e n t + i s + t r e a t e d + a s + a + s e p a r a t e + b u s i n e s s + t h e r e f o r e % 2 c + i f + t h e + i n v e s t o r + i s + a c q u i r i n g + a + p a c k a g e + o f + i n t e r e s t s + i n + s e p a r a t e + p r o p e r t i e s + a n d + t h e r e + i s + n o + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + a + m a j o r i t y + w o r k i n g + i n t e r e s t + i n + a t + l e a s t + o n e + o f + t h o s e + p r o p e r t i e s % 2 c + t h e r e + w i l l + b e + n o + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + c o n t r o l + o f + a n y + b u s i n e s s % 2 c + n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g + t h e + v a l u e + o f + t h e + i n v e s t m e n t % 0 a e a c h + s e t + o f + p r o p e r t i e s + s u b j e c t + t o + a + u n i t i s a t i o n + o r + p o o l i n g + a g r e e m e n t + i s + t r e a t e d + a s + o n e + c a n a d i a n + b u s i n e s s + t h e r e f o r e % 2 c + w h e r e + a n + i n v e s t o r + i s + a c q u i r i n g + w o r k i n g + i n t e r e s t s + i n + o n e + o r + m o r e + p r o p e r t i e s + t h a t + a r e + t h e + s u b j e c t + o f + a + u n i t i s a t i o n + o r + p o o l i n g + a g r e e m e n t % 2 c + t h e y + m a y + a c q u i r e + a + m a j o r i t y + i n t e r e s t + i n + o n e + o r + m o r e + o f + t h e + p r o p e r t i e s + w i t h o u t + b e i n g + s u b j e c t + t o + t h e + a c t % 2 c + s o + l o n g + a s + t h e i r + o v e r a l l + h o l d i n g s + w i l l + n o t + c o n s t i t u t e + a + m a j o r i t y + o f + t h e + i n t e r e s t s + i n + t h e + u n i t + o r + p o o l % 0 a a s s e s s i n g + t h e + v a l u e + o f + a n + e n t i t y % 0 a w h e r e + c o n t r o l + o f + a n + e n t i t y + i s + a c q u i r e d % 2 c + i t s + v a l u e + i s + a s s e s s e d + o n + a l l + i t s + a s s e t s % 2 c + a s + s h o w n + o n + t h e + a u d i t e d + f i n a n c i a l + s t a t e m e n t s + o f + t h e + e n t i t y + f o r + i t s + m o s t + r e c e n t + f i s c a l + y e a r + % 2 8 i e + b o o k + v a l u e % 2 9 + w i t h + r e s p e c t + t o + t h e + a c q u i s i t i o n + o f + a + c o n t r o l l i n g + i n t e r e s t + i n + a n + o i l + a n d + g a s + p r o p e r t y + o r + u n i t % 2 c + t h e + % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 8 e n t i t y % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 + i s + t h e + j o i n t + v e n t u r e + b e t w e e n + t h e + p a r t i c i p a n t s + o n + t h e + p r o p e r t y + o r + u n i t + f i n a n c i a l + s t a t e m e n t s + a r e + n o t + o r d i n a r i l y + p r e p a r e d + i n + r e l a t i o n + t o + t h e + a c t i v i t i e s + o f + t h e + j o i n t + v e n t u r e + t h e r e f o r e % 2 c + t o + d e t e r m i n e + t h e + a s s e t + v a l u e + o f + t h e + j o i n t + v e n t u r e % 2 c + i t + i s + n e c e s s a r y + t o + a g g r e g a t e + t h e + v a l u e + o f + t h e + i n d i v i d u a l + i n t e r e s t s + i n + t h e + j o i n t + v e n t u r e % 0 a e n v i r o n m e n t a l + p r o t e c t i o n + a n d + s o c i o - e c o n o m i c + d e v e l o p m e n t % 0 a b u s i n e s s e s + i n + c a n a d a + a r e + s u b j e c t + t o + f e d e r a l % 2 c + p r o v i n c i a l % 2 c + t e r r i t o r i a l + a n d + m u n i c i p a l + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + r e g u l a t i o n + f e d e r a l + a n d + p r o v i n c i a l + g o v e r n m e n t s + b o t h + h a v e + j u r i s d i c t i o n + o v e r + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + m a t t e r s % 2 c + a n d + t h e i r + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + s t a t u t e s + a n d + r e g u l a t i o n s + a t + t i m e s + o v e r l a p + d e s p i t e + e f f o r t s + t o + h a r m o n i s e + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + s t a n d a r d s + t h r o u g h o u t + t h e + c o u n t r y % 2 c + b u s i n e s s e s + m u s t + c o n s i d e r + t h e + p o t e n t i a l + i m p a c t + o f + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + r e g u l a t i o n + u n d e r t a k e n + b y + a l l + l e v e l s + o f + g o v e r n m e n t + i n + m u l t i p l e + j u r i s d i c t i o n s + m a n y + c a n a d i a n + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + s t a t u t e s + p r o v i d e + f o r + s u b s t a n t i a l + m a x i m u m + f i n e s + a n d + o t h e r + p e n a l t i e s + f o r + v i o l a t i o n s % 0 a f e d e r a l + r e g u l a t i o n % 0 a f e d e r a l l y % 2 c + t h e + c a n a d i a n + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + p r o t e c t i o n + a c t + 1 9 9 9 + % 2 8 c e p a % 2 9 + r e g u l a t e s + t h e + i n t r o d u c t i o n % 2 c + m a r k e t i n g % 2 c + u s e + a n d + d i s p o s a l + o f + t o x i c + s u b s t a n c e s + i n + c a n a d i a n + c o m m e r c e + c e p a + i n c l u d e s + b r o a d + e n f o r c e m e n t + p o w e r s + r e g u l a t i o n s + u n d e r + c e p a + g o v e r n % 2 c + a m o n g + o t h e r + t h i n g s % 2 c + t h e + i m p o r t + a n d + m a n u f a c t u r e + o f + s u b s t a n c e s + n e w + t o + c a n a d a % 2 c + a n d + t h e + i m p o r t + a n d + e x p o r t + o f + h a z a r d o u s + w a s t e + h e n c e % 2 c + c e p a + i s + u s e d + t o + r e g u l a t e + t h e + c h e m i c a l s + u s e d + i n + h y d r a u l i c + f r a c t u r i n g + a n d + t h e + e x p o r t + o f + o i l f i e l d + w a s t e + o u t + o f + c a n a d a % 0 a t h e + f e d e r a l + f i s h e r i e s + a c t + p r o h i b i t s % 2 c + a m o n g + o t h e r + t h i n g s % 2 c + t h e + d e p o s i t + o f + a + d e l e t e r i o u s + s u b s t a n c e + i n + a n y + w a t e r + w h e r e + f i s h + m a y + b e + p r e s e n t + i t + a l s o + p r o h i b i t s + t h e + h a r m f u l + a l t e r a t i o n % 2 c + d i s r u p t i o n + o r + d e s t r u c t i o n + o f + f i s h + h a b i t a t + h e n c e % 2 c + d r i l l i n g + a n d + p r o d u c t i o n + f l u i d s + u s e d + i n + s h a l e + g a s + d e v e l o p m e n t s + c a n n o t + b e + d i s c h a r g e d + i n t o + f i s h e r y + w a t e r s % 2 c + a n d + r o a d s % 2 c + s e i s m i c + l i n e s + a n d + p i p e l i n e s + m u s t + b e + c o n s t r u c t e d + s o + a s + t o + a v o i d + h a r m + t o + f i s h + h a b i t a t + o t h e r + f e d e r a l + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + l e g i s l a t i o n + o f + i m p o r t a n c e + t o + s h a l e + d e v e l o p e r s + i n c l u d e s + t h e + n a v i g a t i o n + p r o t e c t i o n + a c t % 2 c + t h e + h a z a r d o u s + p r o d u c t s + a c t % 2 c + t h e + m i g r a t o r y + b i r d s + c o n v e n t i o n + a c t % 2 c + t h e + s p e c i e s + a t + r i s k + a c t + a n d + t h e + t r a n s p o r t a t i o n + o f + d a n g e r o u s + g o o d s + a c t % 0 a c a n a d i a n + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + a s s e s s m e n t + a c t % 2 c + 2 0 1 2 % 0 a c e r t a i n + l a r g e - s c a l e + p r o j e c t s + m u s t + a l s o + s a t i s f y + t h e + r e q u i r e m e n t s + o f + t h e + c a n a d i a n + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + a s s e s s m e n t + a c t % 2 c + 2 0 1 2 + % 2 8 c e a a % 2 9 + c e a a + a p p l i e s + t o + p r o j e c t s + l i s t e d + i n + a + r e g u l a t i o n % 2 c + w h i c h + f o r + o i l + a n d + g a s + p r o j e c t s + i n c l u d e s + p r o j e c t s + p r o p o s e d + i n + w i l d l i f e + a n d + b i r d + s a n c t u a r i e s % 2 c + p r o j e c t s + w i t h + p o w e r + p l a n t s + o f + 2 0 0 + m w + o r + m o r e % 2 c + c e r t a i n + l a r g e + p r o j e c t s + i n v o l v i n g + s o u r + g a s + a n d + l n g + p r o j e c t s + i f + c e a a + a p p l i e s % 2 c + t h e n + p r o p o n e n t s + o f + s u c h + p r o j e c t s + a r e + p r o h i b i t e d + f r o m + a c t i n g + i n + a + w a y + t h a t + m a y + c a u s e + a n + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + e f f e c t + i n + c o n n e c t i o n + w i t h + t h e i r + p r o j e c t + t h i s + a p p l i e s + u n t i l % 3 a % 0 a t h e + c a n a d i a n + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + a s s e s s m e n t + a g e n c y + % 2 8 t h e + a g e n c y % 2 9 + d e c i d e s % 2 c + a f t e r + u n d e r t a k i n g + a n + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + s c r e e n i n g + o f + t h e + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t % 2 c + t h a t + n o + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + a s s e s s m e n t + % 2 8 e a % 2 9 + i s + r e q u i r e d % 2 c + o r % 0 a t h e + a g e n c y + d e c i d e s % 2 c + a f t e r + c o n s i d e r i n g + a n + e a + s t u d y % 2 c + t h a t + t h e + p r o p o n e n t + c o m p l i e s + w i t h + t h e + c o n d i t i o n s + s e t + o u t + i n + a + d e c i s i o n + i s s u e d + b y + t h e + m i n i s t e r + o f + e n v i r o n m e n t + t h a t + t h e + p r o j e c t + i s + n o t + l i k e l y + t o + c a u s e + s i g n i f i c a n t + a d v e r s e + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + e f f e c t s % 2 c + o r % 0 a t h e + f e d e r a l + c a b i n e t + d e c i d e s + t h a t + a n y + l i k e l y + a d v e r s e + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + e f f e c t s + a r e + j u s t i f i e d % 0 a u n d e r + c e a a % 2 c + c e r t a i n + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t s + a r e + a u t o m a t i c a l l y + s u b j e c t + t o + a n + e a % 2 c + w h i l e + o t h e r + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t s + a r e + s u b j e c t % 2 c + a t + l e a s t + a t + f i r s t % 2 c + t o + s c r e e n i n g + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t s + a u t o m a t i c a l l y + s u b j e c t + t o + a n + e a + i n c l u d e + t h o s e + r e g u l a t e d + b y + t h e + n e b + a n d + t h o s e + m a d e + s u b j e c t + t o + a n + e a + b y + f u t u r e + r e g u l a t i o n s + o r + m i n i s t e r i a l + o r d e r + a l l + o t h e r + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t s + a r e + s u b j e c t + t o + a + s c r e e n i n g + u n d e r + a + s c r e e n i n g % 2 c + t h e + p r o p o n e n t + h a s + t o + s u b m i t + a + p r o j e c t + d e s c r i p t i o n + t o + t h e + a g e n c y + i f + t h e + a g e n c y + c o n s i d e r s + i t + c o m p l e t e % 2 c + a + s u m m a r y + o f + t h e + p r o j e c t + d e s c r i p t i o n + i s + p o s t e d + t o + t h e + c e a a + i n t e r n e t + s i t e % 2 c + a n d + t h e + p u b l i c + h a s + 2 0 + d a y s + i n + w h i c h + t o + p r o v i d e + c o m m e n t s + w i t h i n + 4 5 + d a y s + a f t e r + t h e + p o s t i n g % 2 c + t h e + a g e n c y + m u s t + d e c i d e + i f + a n + e a + i s + r e q u i r e d + t h e + a g e n c y + u n d e r t a k e s + a + s c r e e n i n g - l e v e l + a s s e s s m e n t + o f + t h e + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t + t o + g u i d e + i t s + d e c i s i o n % 0 a f o r + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t s + f o r + w h i c h + a n + e a + i s + r e q u i r e d % 2 c + t h e + a g e n c y + m u s t + p o s t + n o t i c e + o f + t h e + c o m m e n c e m e n t + o f + t h e + e a + o n + t h e + c e a a + i n t e r n e t + s i t e + w i t h i n + 3 6 5 + d a y s + f r o m + t h e + i n i t i a l + p o s t i n g % 2 c + a + d e c i s i o n + m u s t + b e + i s s u e d + a s + t o + w h e t h e r + t h e + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t + i s + l i k e l y + t o + c a u s e + s i g n i f i c a n t + a d v e r s e + e f f e c t + o n + f e d e r a l + j u r i s d i c t i o n + t h e + d e c i s i o n + m a y + i n c l u d e + c o n d i t i o n s + w h e r e b y + m i t i g a t i o n + m e a s u r e s + a n d + f o l l o w - u p + p r o g r a m m e s + a r e + s e t + o u t + t h e + c o n d i t i o n s + m u s t + b e + d i r e c t l y + l i n k e d + o r + n e c e s s a r i l y + i n c i d e n t a l + t o + t h e + e x e r c i s e + o f + a + f e d e r a l + p o w e r + o r + p e r f o r m a n c e + o f + a + f e d e r a l + d u t y + t h a t + e n a b l e s + t h e + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t + t o + b e + c a r r i e d + o u t + t o + g e t + t o + t h e + s t a g e + o f + i s s u i n g + a + d e c i s i o n % 2 c + t h e + a g e n c y + r e q u i r e s + t h e + p r o p o n e n t + o f + a + d e s i g n a t e d + p r o j e c t + t o + c o l l e c t + i n f o r m a t i o n + a n d + u n d e r t a k e + a n + e a + s t u d y + a + d r a f t + o f + t h e + s t u d y + m u s t + b e + m a d e + a v a i l a b l e + b y + t h e + a g e n c y + f o r + p u b l i c + c o m m e n t + a f t e r + t a k i n g + i n t o + a c c o u n t + a n y + p u b l i c + c o m m e n t s % 2 c + t h e + a g e n c y + f i n a l i s e s + t h e + s t u d y + a n d + p r o v i d e s + i t + t o + t h e + m i n i s t e r + w h o + t h e n + i s s u e s + t h e + d e c i s i o n + a s + t o + w h e t h e r + t h e + p r o j e c t + i s + l i k e l y + t o + c a u s e + s i g n i f i c a n t + a d v e r s e + e f f e c t + o n + m a t t e r s + o f + f e d e r a l + j u r i s d i c t i o n + i f + l i k e l y + t o + c a u s e + s u c h + a n + e f f e c t % 2 c + t h e + d e c i s i o n + i s + t h e n + s e n t + t o + t h e + f e d e r a l + c a b i n e t + t o + d e c i d e + i f + t h e + s i g n i f i c a n t + a d v e r s e + e f f e c t s + a r e + j u s t i f i e d % 0 a p r o v i n c i a l + a n d + t e r r i t o r i a l + r e g u l a t i o n % 0 a c a n a d a % c 3 % a 2 % c 2 % 8 0 % c 2 % 9 9 s + t e n + p r o v i n c i a l + a n d + t h r e e + t e r r i t o r i a l + g o v e r n m e n t s + a r e + a l s o + v e r y + a c t i v e + i n + t h e + a r e a + o f + e n v i r o n m e n t a l + r e g u l a t i o 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